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Paromomycin sulfate
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| Systematic (IUPAC) name | |
| (2R,3S,4R,5R,6S)-5-amino-6-[(1R,2S,3S,4R,6S)- 4,6-diamino-2-[(2S,3R,4R,5R)-4-[(2R,3R,4R,5R,6S)- 3-amino-6-(aminomethyl)-4,5-dihydroxy-oxan-2-yl] oxy-3-hydroxy-5-(hydroxymethyl)oxolan-2-yl]oxy- 3-hydroxy-cyclohexyl]oxy-2-(hydroxymethyl)oxane-3,4-diol |
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| Identifiers | |
| CAS number | |
| ATC code | A07 |
| PubChem | |
| DrugBank | |
| Chemical data | |
| Formula | C23H47N5O18S |
| Mol. mass | 615.629 g/mol |
| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | None |
| Metabolism | None |
| Half life | ? |
| Excretion | Fecal |
| Therapeutic considerations | |
| Pregnancy cat. |
C(US) |
| Legal status |
Rx only U.S. |
| Routes | Oral, intramuscular |
Paromomycin sulfate (synonyms: monomycin, aminosidine[1]; brand name Humatin) is an aminoglycoside antibiotic, first isolated from Streptomyces krestomuceticus in 1950s.[2]
Contents |
Uses
It is an antibiotic designed to fight intestinal infections such as cryptosporidiosis,[3] amoebiasis,[4] and leishmaniasis.[5]
The route of administration is intramuscular injection.
Mechanism
Paromomycin inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 16S ribosomal RNA.[6]
History and availability
Monomycin was demonstrated to be effective against cutaneous leishmaniasis in clinical studies in the USSR in the 1960s, and in trials with visceral leishmaniasis in early 1990s.[1]
It was developed as a therapeutic against visceral leishmaniasis by the Institute for OneWorld Health. Paromomycin was granted orphan drug status in 2005[7] and was approved by the Drug Controller General of India in September 2006 for treatment of visceral leishmaniasis.[8]
As of February 5th, 2008, King Pharmaceuticals is discontinuing the sale of Humatin, Paromomycin continues to be available in the United States from another manufacturer.[9]
References
- ^ a b Neal R.A. et al. (1994). "Aminosidine ointments for the treatment of experimental cutaneous leishmaniasis". Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 88 (2): 223–5. doi:.
- ^ Davidson R.N., den Boer M., Ritmeijer K. (2008). "Paromomycin". Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. doi:.
- ^ Sweetman S.C. (Editor). (2002). Martindale: the complete drug reference. 33rd ed. London: Pharmaceutical Press
- ^ paromomycin at Dorland's Medical Dictionary
- ^ Sundar S, Jha TK, Thakur CP, Sinha PK, Bhattacharya SK (June 2007). "Injectable paromomycin for visceral leishmaniasis in India". N. Engl. J. Med. 356 (25): 2571–81. doi:. PMID 17582067. http://content.nejm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=short&pmid=17582067&promo=ONFLNS19.
- ^ Vicens, Quentin; Eric Westhof (August 2001). "Crystal Structure of Paromomycin Docked into the Eubacterial Ribosomal Decoding A Site". Structure 9 (8): 647–658. doi:. PMID 11587639. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science?_ob=ArticleURL&_udi=B6VSR-43VBX2W-C&_user=10&_coverDate=08%2F31%2F2001&_rdoc=1&_fmt=&_orig=search&_sort=d&view=c&_acct=C000050221&_version=1&_urlVersion=0&_userid=10&md5=1b1e19d11ca34e14eca1603c2be009d5. Retrieved on 2007-02-10.
- ^ Institute for OneWorld Health (23 May 2005). Institute for OneWorld Health Drug Receives “Orphan” Designation From U.S. and European Regulatory Agencies. Press release. http://www.oneworldhealth.org/media/details.php?prID=115. Retrieved on 2007-02-10.
- ^ Institute for OneWorld Health (8 September 2006). New cure for deadly visceral leishmaniasis (kala-azar) approved by government of India. Press release. http://www.oneworldhealth.org/media/details.php?prID=154. Retrieved on 2007-02-10.
- ^ humatin_king.pdf at fda.gov
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